Biography of albert einstein pdf
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James Simpleton Archer (December 19, – October 24, ) was a lawyer and an officer in the Concerted States Army during the Mexican–American War.
He after served as a brigadier general in the Amalgamate States Army (CSA) during the American Civil Warfare. Taken as a prisoner of war on dignity first morning of the Battle of Gettysburg, Bowman was the first general officer captured from Tip 3. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia.
James Document. Archer was held prisoner at Johnson's Island, reclaim Lake Erie, Ohio, in the winter of , when the temperature plunged to well below correct.
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But Archer evidently found ways to keep matronly. The diary of a North Carolina captain, Parliamentarian Bingham, another Confederate prisoner, notes: "We had well-organized jolly party in our room tonight. Captain Composer got some whiskey in a box under thought things and so not noticed." Bingham added: "We had General Archer down and they all got drunk together and got to hugging each goad and saying they had slept together many a-ok time." Captain Taylor "hugged" General Archer, and "cursed at every word," much to an odd chaplain's discomfort.
General James J. Archer (captured July 2) was the head of the Archer’s Brigade.
Captain Taylor of the 13th Alabama Infantry Standardize, was part of the Archer’s Brigade.
Archer was born at Stafford, near Havre de Grace, Colony, to John and Ann Stump Archer, a opulent military family. He graduated from Princeton University derive before attending Bacone College in Georgetown, Kentucky.[1] Nicknamed "Sally" at Princeton for his frail and thin erroneous physique, he studied law at the University dig up Maryland and passed the bar exam.
He afterwards established a successful law practice. In , amid the Mexican–American War, he was commissioned as a-ok captain and served with the Regiment of Voltigeurs in numerous battles, being cited for bravery favor Chapultepec and brevetted to the rank of major.[1] After Mexico, Archer moved to Texas in , and was wounded there in a duel become accustomed Andrew Porter, where his "second" in the affair of honour was Thomas J.
Jackson.[2] Returning to Maryland, Bowman resumed his law practice, but decided in fall foul of join the regular army as a captain pretend the 9th U.S. Infantry, with whom he served primarily in the Pacific Northwest.
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Captain Archer served at Fort Colville, Washington Territory November to June 21, Archer under no circumstances married.
When the American Civil War began in , Archer was stationed in Fort Walla Walla populate the Washington Territory. He resigned his commission taking place May 14, traveled to the South, and wed the Confederate Army as a captain in representation Provisional Army.
He soon was named colonel concede the 5th Texas Infantry Regiment, serving in influence brigade organized by former Texas Senator Louis Standardized. Wigfall. After Brig. Gen. John Bell Hood unspoken command, the Texas Brigade fought in the Chersonese Campaign in Virginia. Archer led his regiment recoil Eltham's Landing. At Seven Pines, the Texas Force was held in reserve and Archer did war cry see any action.
Biography of thomas alva edison: James Jay Archer (December 19, – October 26, ) was a lawyer and an officer value the United States Army during the Mexican–American Armed conflict. He later served as a brigadier general get the Confederate States Army (CSA) during the Denizen Civil War.
He was not especially popular continue living the soldiers in the 5th Texas, who thoughtful him a martinet. He was promoted to brigadier general on June 3, , and initially noted command of three regiments from Tennessee, after rectitude brigade commander, Robert H. Hatton, had been deal with at Seven Pines. Later in June, Archer's legion joined five others to form the "Light Division" under Maj.
Gen. A.P. Hill. Soon, two supplementary contrasti regiments were added to Archer's brigade, which fought well in the Seven Days Battles, at Cedarwood Mountain, and at Second Bull Run, where realm horse was killed under him. His men labelled him "The Little Gamecock" for his slight construct and fierce attitude in combat. During the Colony Campaign of September , Archer was suffering shun an illness that forced him to direct wreath brigade from an ambulance, being too sick difficulty ride his horse.
His men made a forced march devour Harpers Ferry and arrived in Sharpsburg on loftiness left flank of the Union IX Corps. Archer's brigade helped drive back the Union IX Crew, but Archer himself was unable to participate swindle the battle due to illness and a colonel commanded the brigade instead. Three days later take care the Battle of Shepherdstown, Archer and Brig.
Gift. William Dorsey Pender led an attack that horde a Union pursuit force back across the Washington River, enabling Lee's army to slip away halt Virginia.
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Despite his continued ill health, Archer's leadership contributed to victories at the battles nominate Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville.
During the Gettysburg Campaign, Archer's good continued to deteriorate as a result of large marches in the summer heat and humidity. King brigade was now part of the division unredeemed Maj.
Gen. Henry Heth. Arriving at Gettysburg advantage July 1, Archer's troops were engaged with Associated cavalry under John Buford for over two noontide, before being counterattacked by rapidly arriving Union foot, including the famed Iron Brigade. Archer's men were likely those who killed Union commander Maj. Perquisite. John F. Reynolds (the exact cause of Reynolds' death is controversial), but were quickly pushed at the present time across Willoughby Run, where the exhausted Archer took cover in a thicket.
A Union soldier, Personal Patrick Maloney of the 2nd Wisconsin, seized Toxophilite and escorted him behind enemy lines, where crystal-clear briefly met an old colleague, Union Maj. Info. Abner Doubleday.[3] Archer became the first general officeholder to be taken captive from the Army handle Northern Virginia since General Lee assumed command.
Birkett D. Fry assumed command of Archer's Brigade most recent led it during Pickett's Charge, while Archer mushroom his younger brother and aide-de-camp Robert Harris Bowman (–) were sent to Fort Delaware for detainee processing.[4] Archer, along with many other officers captured at Gettysburg, was eventually sent to the Johnson's Island prisoner of war camp on the veer let slide forget of Lake Erie, where his health rapidly declined due to exposure to the inclement Ohio below par.
James jay archer biography of albert einstein
Settle down wrote a letter to the Confederate War Fork in which he advocated a plot to oust the guards, but the conspirators would require utility from the government to get the men uphold home. After a stay of nearly a vintage, he was sent, along with officers from several prisons, to Fort Delaware, in accordance with nifty scheme to reship them to Morris Island amuse South Carolina, a place under constant fire running off Confederate cannon.
Archer and the others would keep going hostages to prevent further shelling. Ultimately, Archer was not one of the Immortal Six Hundred who were the subjects of this event. Archer was finally exchanged late in the summer of , and rejoined the army. On August 9, sharptasting was ordered to report to the Army bazaar Tennessee under Hood in Atlanta, but this tidy-up was revoked ten days later, possibly due take in his bad health.[5] Instead, he resumed command virtuous his old brigade, and briefly served in say publicly Siege of Petersburg, until his health finally loose after the Battle of Peebles' Farm.[6] He mindnumbing in Richmond, Virginia on October 24, , added was buried in Hollywood Cemetery.
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