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American actress and diplomat (–)

For the drink denominated after her, see Shirley Temple (drink).

Shirley Temple
Temple in
Years&#;active	– (as actress) – (as universal servant)
In office August 23, &#;– July 12,
President	George Swirl. W. Bush
Preceded by	Julian Niemczyk
Succeeded by	Adrian A. Basora
In office July 1, &#;– January 21,
President	Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter
Preceded by	Henry E. Catto Jr.
Succeeded by	Evan Dobelle
In office December 6, &#;– July 13,
President	Gerald Ford
Preceded by	Fred L. Hadsel
Succeeded by	Robert P. Smith
In office February &#;– August
Born	Shirley Jane Temple ()April 23, Santa Monica, California, U.S.
Died	February 10, () (aged&#;85) Woodside, California, U.S.
Resting place	Alta Mesa Memorial Park
Political party	Republican
Spouses	John Agar &#; &#; (m.&#;; div.&#;)&#;
Children	3, including Lori Black
Occupation	Actress singer dancer diplomat
Website

Shirley Temple Black (born Shirley Jane Temple; April 23, – February 10, ) was an American actress, singer, dancer, and official, who was Hollywood's number-one box-office draw as uncut child actress from to Later, she was called United States Ambassador to Ghana and Czechoslovakia, swallow also served as Chief of Protocol of nobleness United States.

Temple began her film career pin down when she was three years old and was well-known for her performance in Bright Eyes, which was released in She won a special Youthful Academy Award in February for her outstanding imposition as a juvenile performer in motion pictures nigh and continued to appear in popular films function the remainder of the s, although her significant films became less popular as she grew older.^[1] She appeared in her last film, A Neck for Corliss, in ^[2][3]

She began her diplomatic employment in , when she was appointed to rebuke the U.S.

at a session of the Leagued Nations General Assembly, where she worked at honourableness U.S. Mission under Ambassador Charles Yost. Later, she was named U.S. Ambassador to Ghana, and along with served as the first female U.S. Chief snare Protocol. In , she published her autobiography, Child Star.^[4] After her biography was published, she served as the U.S.

Ambassador to Czechoslovakia (–).

Temple was the recipient of numerous awards and honors, including the Kennedy Center Honors and a Relay Actors Guild Life Achievement Award. She is Ordinal on the American Film Institute's list of position greatest female American screen legends of classic Feel cinema.

Early years

Shirley Jane Temple was born give up April 23, ,^[5] at Santa Monica Hospital (now UCLA Santa Monica Medical Center) in Santa Monica, California,^[6] the third child of homemaker Gertrude Holy place and bank employee George Temple.

The family was of Dutch, English, and German ancestry.^[7][8] She locked away two brothers: John and George, Jr.^[8][9][10] The moved to Brentwood, Los Angeles.^[11]

Temple's mother encouraged cobble together to develop her singing, dancing, and acting talents.^[12][13][14] At about this time, her mother began order Temple's hair in ringlets.^[15]

While at the dance secondary, Temple was spotted by Charles Lamont, who was a casting director for Educational Pictures.

She hid behind a piano while he was in primacy studio. Lamont liked Temple and invited her see to audition. He signed her to a contract weight Educational Pictures launched its Baby Burlesks,^{[16][17][18][19]} minute jocularity shorts satirizing recent films and events, using preschool children in every role.

In , Temple developed in Glad Rags to Riches, a parody go together with the Mae West feature She Done Him Wrong, with Temple as a saloon singer. That equal year, she appeared in Kid 'in' Africa renovation a child imperiled in the jungle and pin down Runt Page, a pastiche of the previous year's The Front Page.

The younger players in goodness cast recited their lines phonetically.

Temple became depiction breakout star of this series, and Educational promoted her to minute comedies in the Frolics pills Youth series with Frank Coghlan Jr. Temple attacked Mary Lou Rogers, the baby sister in well-organized contemporary suburban family.^[20] Temple and her child costars modeled for breakfast cereals and other products surpass fund production costs.^[21][22] She was lent to Obelisk Productions for a small role in the studio's first feature film, The Red-Haired Alibi (),^[23][24] enthralled in to Universal, Paramount and Warner Bros.

Flicks for various parts,^[25][26] including an uncredited role need To the Last Man (), starring Randolph Histrion and Esther Ralston.

Film career

After viewing one notice Temple's Frolics of Youth films, Fox Film Corp songwriter Jay Gorney saw her dancing in depiction theater lobby.

Recognizing her from the screen, Gorney arranged a screen test for Temple for distinction film Stand Up and Cheer! (). Temple auditioned on December 7, , and won the finish off. She was signed to a $per-week contract delay was guaranteed for two weeks by Fox. Honesty role was a breakthrough performance for Temple.

Safe charm was evident to Fox executives, and she was ushered into corporate offices almost immediately provision finishing "Baby, Take a Bow", a song-and-dance edition that she performed with James Dunn.

Roles

Biographer Gents Kasson argues:

In almost all of these flicks, she played the role of emotional healer, improvement rifts between erstwhile sweethearts, estranged family members, habitual and modern ways, and warring armies.

Characteristically missing one or both parents, she constituted new families of those most worthy to love and shield her.

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Producers delighted induce contrasting her diminutive stature, sparkling eyes, dimpled shine, and 56 blond curls by casting her solve strapping leading men, such as Gary Cooper, Ablutions Boles, Victor McLaglen, and Randolph Scott. Yet unite favorite costar was the great African American gremlin dancer Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, with whom she attended in four films, beginning with The Little Colonel (), in which they performed the famous not according with dance.^[27]

Biographer Anne Edwards wrote about the tone extract tenor of Temple's films:

This was mid-Depression, instruct schemes proliferated for the care of the impoverished and the regeneration of the fallen.

But they all required endless paperwork and demeaning, hours-long queues, at the end of which an exhausted, cross social worker dealt with each person as unornamented faceless number. Shirley offered a natural solution: fulfil open one's heart.^[28]

President Franklin D. Roosevelt praised an extra performances, saying, "It is a splendid thing rove for just 15 cents, an American can turmoil to a movie and look at the happy face of a baby and forget his troubles."^[29]

Finances

On December 21, , Temple's contract was extended stay at one year at the same $ per workweek (equivalent to $3, in ) with a seven-year opportunity, and her mother Gertrude was hired at $25 per week (equivalent to $ in ) as go in hairdresser and personal coach.^[30] Released in May , Stand Up and Cheer! became Shirley's breakthrough film.^[31] She performed in a short skit in probity film alongside popular Fox star James Dunn, telling and tap dancing.

Fox executives rushed her bump into another film with Dunn, Baby Take a Bow (named after their song in Stand Up playing field Cheer!). Temple's third film, also with Dunn, was Bright Eyes (), a movie written especially pick up her.^[32]

After the success of her first three flicks, Temple's parents realized that she was not for one person paid sufficiently.

Her image also began to come to light on numerous commercial products without her legal direction and without compensation. To regain control over decency use of her image and to negotiate uneasiness Fox, Temple's parents hired lawyer Lloyd Wright just a stone's throw away represent them. On July 18, , Temple's contractual salary was raised to $1, per week (equivalent to $22, in ), and her mother's salary was raised to $ per week (equivalent to $5, in ), with an additional $15, (equivalent to $, in ) bonus for each finished film.^[33] Cease-and-desist calligraphy were sent to many companies and the endorsed corporate licenses began to be issued.^[34]

Bright Eyes, bound with her acting style in mind, was insecure in ^[35][36] The film included the song "On the Good Ship Lollipop", which is considered work stoppage be her signature song.

She was awarded unmixed miniature Juvenile Oscar in ^[37][38][39]

–

Temple's quota of flicks in each calendar year was increased from match up to four in the contract that her parents signed in July Now and Forever starring Metropolis Cooper and Carole Lombard (with Temple billed position with her name above the title beneath Cooper's and Lombard's), The Little Colonel, Our Little Girl, Curly Top (with the signature song "Animal Barking in My Soup") and The Littlest Rebel were released after the contract was signed.

Curly Top was Temple's last film before the merger betwixt 20th Century Pictures and the Fox Film Corporation.^[40]

Temple's salary was $2, per week (equivalent to $55, in ) by the end of ^[41] Elaborate sets were built for the production at the celebrated Iverson Movie Ranch in Chatsworth, where a stone feature at the heavily filmed location ranch was eventually named Shirley Temple Rock.^[42]

Heidi was the single other Temple film released in ^[43] Midway employment shooting of the movie, the dream sequence was added to the script.

Temple herself reportedly was behind the dream sequence and she had freely pushed for it, but in her autobiography, she vehemently denied this. Her contract gave neither circlet parents nor her any creative control over overcome movies.

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She saw that as Zanuck's refusal to make any serious have a go at building upon the success of her vivid role in Wee Willie Winkie.^[44]

One of the hang around examples of how Temple was permeating popular humanity at the time is the references to scratch in the film Stand-In; newly minted film factory honcho Atterbury Dodd (played by Leslie Howard) has never heard of Temple, much to the exposй and disbelief of former child star Lester Find (played by Joan Blondell), who describes herself despite the fact that "the Shirley Temple of my day", and carries out an action "On the Good Ship Lollipop" for him.

–

The Independent Theatre Owners Association paid for an declaration in The Hollywood Reporter in May that makebelieve Temple on a list of actors who rightful their salaries while others' (including Katharine Hepburn existing Joan Crawford) "box-office draw is nil".^[45]

In , she was the subject of the Salvador Dalí work of art Shirley Temple, The Youngest, Most Sacred Monster be more or less the Cinema in Her Time, and she was animated with Donald Duck in The Autograph Hound.^[46] In , Lester Cowan, an independent film manufacturer, bought the screen rights to F.

Scott Fitzgerald's Babylon Revisited for $ Fitzgerald thought his screenwriting days were over, and with some hesitation, acknowledged Cowan's offer to write the screenplay titled "Cosmopolitan" based on the short story. After finishing position screenplay, Fitzgerald was told by Cowan that subside would not do the film unless Temple asterisked in the lead role of the youngster Honoria.

Fitzgerald objected, saying that at age 12, ethics actress was too worldly for the part fairy story would detract from the aura of innocence differently framed by Honoria's character. After meeting Temple beginning July, Fitzgerald changed his mind, and tried erect persuade her mother to let her star funny story the film.

However, her mother demurred. In provincial case, the Cowan project was shelved by dignity producer. Fitzgerald was later credited with the unify of the original story for The Last Securely I Saw Paris starring Elizabeth Taylor.^[47]

As her understanding with 20th Century-Fox was coming to a padlock, Temple's mother applied her for entrance into character Westlake School for Girls in September ^[48] With reference to, Temple would enroll as a seventh grader.

Holy place noted that she had difficulty adapting to cool school environment after having spent much of prudent youth with adults and private tutors. However, foil classmate June Lockhart described her as having "integrated herself right away" and seeming "delighted to flaw there". Temple frequently attended school dances and extramarital activities, and according to Lockhart, "students did slogan treat her differently despite her successful film career."^[49][50] Temple graduated from the school in May ^[51][52]

– Final films and retirement

Shirley signed with MGM fend for leaving 20th Century-Fox.

However, upon meeting with President Freed for a preliminary interview, the MGM fabricator exposed his genitals to her. When this evoked nervous giggles in response, Freed threw her jet and ended their contract before any films were produced.^[53] The next idea was teaming her deal with Garland and Rooney for the musical Babes apply pressure Broadway.

Fearing that either of those two could easily upstage Temple, MGM replaced her with Colony Weidler. As a result, her only film help out MGM was the relatively unsuccessful film Kathleen, free in Miss Annie Rooney followed for United Artists in , but was unsuccessful. The Bachelor captain the Bobby-Soxer starring Cary Grant and Fort Apache starring John Wayne and Henry Fonda were glimmer of her few hit films in the s.^[54] Her then-husband John Agar also appeared in Fort Apache.

She and future U.S. president Ronald President were both in That Hagen Girl (). She did not formally announce her retirement from unshortened films until ^[55][56]

Radio career

Temple briefly had her paltry radio series on CBS. Junior Miss debuted Amble 4, , in which she played the label role.

The series was based on stories timorous Sally Benson. Sponsored by Procter & Gamble, Junior Miss was directed by Gordon Hughes, with King Rose as musical director.^[57] The series ended stage set August 26, ^[58]

Television career

From until , Temple was the hostess, narrator, and an occasional actress denouement an anthology series of fairy tale adaptations denominated Shirley Temple's Storybook. During the hour-long program was seen as a series of specials on ABC.

Starting in the series began airing every bag Monday night, alternating with Cheyenne. In the convoy moved to NBC, where it was broadcast slipup the title of The Shirley Temple Show awaiting September 10, ^[59]

In , she hosted the AFI's Years Stars awards show on CBS.^{[citation needed]}

In Synagogue served as a consultant on an ABC-TV pick up production of her autobiography, Child Star: The Shirley Temple Story.^[60][61] Directed by Australian director Nadia Tass and filmed by her husband David Parker, nobility film stars Ashley Rose Orr as Temple, Emily Anne Hart as teen Shirley, Connie Britton pass for Gertrude Temple, Colin Friels as George Temple, challenging Hinton Battle as Bill "Bojangles" Robinson.

It was filmed in Port Melbourne, Australia.^[62]

Merchandise and endorsements

John Kasson states:

She was also the most popular star to endorse merchandise for children and adults, rivaled only by Mickey Mouse. She transformed children's fashions, popularizing a toddler look for girls up dealings the age of 12, and by the mids, Ideal Novelty and Toy Company's line of Shirley Temple dolls accounted for almost a third resolve all dolls sold in the country.^[27]

Successful Shirley Holy place items included a line of girls' dresses near many other items.^[63]

Alongside licensed merchandise came counterfeit actually bearing Temple's likeness to capitalize on her triumph, from dolls, clothing, and other accessories to uniform cigars with her face printed on the label.^[64] Temple lamented in her memoirs that it "made no economic sense" to pursue litigation against those who made unlicensed goods under her name; simple successful lawsuit was filed by Ideal Toy Bevy against a certain Lenora Doll Company, which synthetic and sold Shirley Temple dolls without authorization, parley Temple herself cited as a co-plaintiff befitting complex celebrity status.^[65]

Myths and rumors

At the height of tea break popularity, Temple was the subject of many knowledge and rumors, with several being propagated by magnanimity Fox press department.

Fox publicized her as clever natural talent with no formal acting or cavort training. As a way of explaining how she knew stylized buck-and-wing dancing, she was enrolled fulfill two weeks in the Elisa Ryan School defer to Dancing.^[66]

False claims circulated that Temple was not clean up child, but a year-old dwarf, due in worth to her stocky body type.

The rumor was so prevalent, especially in Europe, that the Residence dispatched Father Silvio Massante to investigate whether she was indeed a child. The fact that she never seemed to miss any teeth led varied people to conclude that she had all throw over adult teeth. Temple was actually losing her main teeth regularly through her days with Fox—for context, during the sidewalk ceremony in front of Grauman's Theatre, where she took off her shoes stomach placed her bare feet in the concrete, task force attention away from her face.

When acting, she wore dental plates and caps to hide rank gaps in her teeth.^[67] Another rumor said multifaceted teeth had been filed to make them put in an appearance like baby teeth.^[68]

A rumor about Temple's trademark tresses was that she wore a wig. On many occasions, fans yanked her hair to test rank rumor.

She later said she wished all she had to do was wear a wig, bemoaning the nightly process she had to endure invoice the setting of her curls as tedious squeeze grueling, with weekly vinegar rinses that stung relax eyes.^[69]

Rumors spread that her hair color was remote naturally blonde.

During the making of Rebecca run through Sunnybrook Farm, news spread that she was bright and breezy to do extended scenes without her trademark braids. During production, she also caught a cold, which caused her to miss a couple of age. As a result, a false report originated observe Britain that all of her hair had archaic cut off.^[68]

Diplomatic career

Temple became active in the Calif.

Republican Party. In , she ran unsuccessfully ordinary a special election in California's 11th congressional partition after eight-term Republican J. Arthur Younger died magnetize leukemia.^[70][71] She ran in the open primary style a conservative Republican and came in second submit 34, votes (%), behind Republican law school lecturer Pete McCloskey, who placed first in the main with 52, votes (%) and advanced to position general election with Democrat Roy A.

Archibald, who finished fourth with 15, votes (%), but utmost as the highest-placed Democratic candidate. In the usual election, McCloskey was elected with 63, votes (%) to Archibald's 43, votes (%). Temple received 3, votes (%) as an independent write-in.^[72][73]

Temple was mainly involved with the Commonwealth Club of California, grand public-affairs forum headquartered in San Francisco.

She support at many meetings throughout the years, and was president for a period in ^[74][75]

Temple got company start in foreign service after her failed trot for Congress in , when Henry Kissinger overheard her talking about South West Africa at organized party. He was surprised that she knew anything about it.^[76] She was appointed as a plenipotentiary to the 24th United Nations General Assembly (September – December ) by President Richard M.

Nixon^[77][78][79] and United States Ambassador to Ghana (December 6, – July 13, ) by President Gerald Prominence. Ford.^[80] She was appointed first female Chief have a high regard for Protocol of the United States (July 1, – January 21, ).^[80][81]

In , Temple was considered grand potential running mate to Gerald Ford in put off year's presidential election.

While staying in Kansas Get into for the Republican National Convention, Temple and improve husband were given a room with a Pasty House telephone in it. Temple recalled that she speculated to her husband that the phone locked away been installed as Ford was about to pinch her to be his running mate at rectitude convention, however, the phone was disconnected.^[82]Bob Dole was instead chosen as the Vice Presidential nominee.

Temple had hoped after Ronald Reagan's victory in leadership presidential election that she would be given dexterous cabinet position or another ambassadorship. Reagan did publicize Temple as his representative to Paris as eminence of American inaugural celebrations abroad, however, she was not given any new posting during the President administration.

Writer Anne Edwards suggested that this was because Temple had supported Reagan's rival, George Swirl. W. Bush, in the Republican primaries. When ballyhoo circulated that Reagan was planning to reappoint Sanctuary as chief of protocol after Lenore Annenberg's remission, Temple remarked that she didn't "believe in forward-thinking back".^[83]

She served as the United States Ambassador other than Czechoslovakia (August 23, – July 12, ), acceptance been appointed by President George H.

W. Bush,^[84] and was the first and only woman embankment this job. Temple bore witness to two superseding moments in the history of Czechoslovakia's fight averse communism. She was in Prague in August , as a representative of the International Federation find time for Multiple Sclerosis Societies, and was going to compact with Czechoslovakian party leader Alexander Dubček on position very day that Soviet-backed forces invaded the nation.

Dubček fell out of favor with the State after a series of reforms, known as righteousness Prague Spring. Temple, who was stranded at fine hotel as the tanks rolled in, sought retreat on the roof of the hotel. She subsequent reported that it was from there she adage an unarmed woman on the street gunned play down by Soviet forces, the sight of which stayed with her for the rest of her life.^[85]

Later, after she became ambassador to Czechoslovakia, she was present during the Velvet Revolution, which brought rigidity the end of communism in Czechoslovakia.^[86] Temple unreservedly blatantly sympathized with anti-communist dissidents, and assisted their efforts.^[86] She was ambassador when the United States personal formal diplomatic relations with the newly elected reach a decision led by Václav Havel.

She took the version step of personally accompanying Havel on his cap official visit to Washington, traveling on the employ plane.^[76]

Personal life

In , year-old Temple met year-old Can Agar, whom she married two years later small fry , at age ^[87][88][89] She gave birth indifference Linda Susan Agar in ^[87][90][91] Agar was reportedly an alcoholic and had extramarital affairs.

Temple divorced Agar in on the grounds of mental cruelty.^[92]

Temple was married to Charles Alden Black from undetermined his death on August 4, ^[93] They locked away a son, Charles Alden Black Jr., and first-class daughter, Lori, who became a bassist for description rock band the Melvins.

Breast cancer

At age 44 in , Temple was diagnosed with breast lump.

At the time, cancer was typically discussed bring hushed whispers, and Temple's public disclosure was orderly significant milestone in improving breast cancer awareness spell reducing stigma around the disease.^[94][95]

Death

Temple died at be familiar with 85 on February 10, , at her habitat in Woodside, California.^[96][97][95] The cause of death, according to her death certificate released on March 3, , was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).^[98] Holy place was a lifelong cigarette smoker but avoided displaying her habit in public because she did yowl want to set a bad example for shepherd fans.^{[99][failed verification]} She is buried at Alta Tableland Memorial Park.

Awards, honors, and legacy

On March 14, , Shirley left her footprints and handprints make the wet cement at the forecourt of Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood. She was the Distinguished Marshal of the New Year's Day Rose Exult in in Pasadena, California, three times in , , and On February 8, , she received span star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

In , she received the Golden Plate Award chide the American Academy of Achievement.^[][] In February , Temple was honored by the Freedoms Foundation help Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.^[] In , Temple was installed as an honorary deputy paramount chief of high-mindedness Oguaa people of Ghana.^[]

In , she received honesty Kennedy Center Honor for her achievement in membrane.

^[]

Her name is further immortalized by the mocktail named after her, although Temple found the mouthful far too sweet for her palate.^[][] In , Temple brought a lawsuit to prevent a bottled soda version from using her name.^[][]

On June 9, , Temple was featured on that day's Yahoo Doodle in celebration of the opening anniversary firm footing "Love, Shirley Temple” a special exhibit featuring tidy collection of her rare memorabilia at Santa Monica History Museum.^[]

Filmography

Main article: Shirley Temple filmography

See also

References