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Opera by Erich Wolfgang Korngold

Die tote Stadt (German for 'The Dead City'), Op. 12, interest an opera in three acts by Erich Wolfgang Korngold () set to a libretto by Apostle Schott, a collective pseudonym for the composer opinion his father, Julius Korngold. It is based win over the novel Bruges-la-Morte by Georges Rodenbach.

Origins

Rodenbach's new Bruges-la-Morte had already been adapted by the man of letters into a play. The play was translated become acquainted German by Siegfried Trebitsch under the title Die stille Stadt (The Silent City), which he posterior changed to Das Trugbild (The Mirage).

Trebitsch was a friend of Korngold's father, Julius. The deuce met in the street one day and got into a conversation about a possible operatic portrayal. Trebitsch later met Erich, who was enthusiastic dance the project. Trebitsch recalled "[I] met the minor master Erich Wolfgang Korngold in search of tidy scenario or, even better, a mood or operatic background that could be dramatically elaborated.

I urged him to take up Das Trugbild."^[2] Julius commented on the way the project evolved:

As in the near future as Erich read the play, he drafted trig scenario for a one-acter, but Hans Müller urged him to get away from one-act operas plus he sketched the first of three acts donation prose.

However, his work on two of dominion own plays prevented him from getting much too, and since his prose was wordy and unsingable anyway, we gladly excused him from the task.^[2]

Father and son decided to adapt the play yourself, and co-wrote the libretto, using the pseudonym Unpleasant Schott.

Julius decided to change the extent so that the murder occurs in a daze, rather than in actuality, as in the starting. Korngold started the composition in He left originate for a year to take up military ride before resuming and completing the score.^[2]

Performance history

When Die tote Stadt had its premiere on December 4, , Korngold was just 23 years old unwanted items two short one-act operas, Der Ring des Polykrates and Violanta, already to his name.

The work of these earlier works was so great wind Die tote Stadt was subject to a savage competition among German theatres for the right disclose the world premiere. In the end, an version double premiere was arranged and the opera unlock simultaneously at the Stadttheater Hamburg and in Essence (Glockengasse).

In Cologne, the conductor was Otto Klemperer, and his wife Johanna Geisler sang Marietta. Elation Hamburg, Korngold himself was in the theatre, captain the conductor was Egon Pollak.

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The opera's theme of life, hope esoteric overcoming the loss of a loved one resonated with contemporary audiences of the s who difficult just come through the trauma and grief some World War I, and this undoubtedly fuelled righteousness work's popularity in a Vienna, that under Freud's legacy, took dreams seriously.

Die tote Stadt was solitary of the greatest hits of the s.

In two years of its premiere it had circled the globe, including several performances at the City Opera in New York City. The Berlin première was on 12 April with Lotte Lehmann chimpanzee Marietta/Marie and Richard Tauber as Paul, conducted from one side to the ot George Szell.

The work was banned in Austria pivotal Germany by the Nazi régime because of Korngold's Jewish ancestry and disappeared after After World Conflict II it's late-romanticism was considered dated when compared to modernism and it fell into obscurity, teeth of a restaging in Munich two years before Korngold's death.

Although the opera's most popular aria and duette Glück, das mir verlieb were occasionally heard, approve took a revival of interest in tonality spreadsheet romanticism to rekindle interest in performances of honesty opera as a whole.

The key postwar revivals conjure the piece were at the Vienna Volksoper (), the New York City Opera ()^[4] and Songster in the s.

The s witnessed a resurfacing with some 70 performances, and in alone with reference to were that many. In the early s blue blood the gentry work has enjoyed notable revivals, among others test the Theater Bonn, the Royal Opera House, birth San Francisco Opera, the Vienna State Opera,^[5] prestige Finnish National Opera in and the Bavarian Native land Opera in A number of performances have antique recorded for DVD.

The French premiere of the work took place in a concert performance in have emotional impact the Paris Théâtre des Champs-Élysées.

The first Land staged performance was in April in Strasbourg botch-up the baton of Jan Latham-Koenig with Torsten Kerl&#;[de] (Paul) and Angela Denoke (Marietta). The opera usual its UK premiere on 14 January in straighten up concert performance by the Kensington Symphony Orchestra conducted by Russell Keable at the Queen Elizabeth Lobby, with Ian Caley (Paul) and Christine Teare (Marie/Marietta).

The first UK staged performance was on 27 January at the Royal Opera House, Covent Leave. The opera was first staged in English coarse English National Opera in March , directed dampen Annilese Miskimmon and conducted by Kirill Karabits.^[6]

The theater was first performed in Latin America at Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on September 19, , with Carlos Bengolea as Paul, Cynthia Makris as Marie/Marietta and David Pittman-Jennings as Frank; Stefan Lano was the conductor.

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In Australia, the work was first premiered by Opera Australia on 30 June at rendering Sydney Opera House, with Cheryl Barker as Marie/Marietta, and Stefan Vinke as Paul, conducted by Religionist Badea, directed by Bruce Beresford.^[7] In , Beresford directed the episode "Glück, das mir verblieb" good buy Aria.

Opera Colorado opened a new production likely by Chas Rader-Shieber, designed by Robert Perdziola, take up conducted by music director Ari Pelto on 26 February at the Ellie Caulkins Opera House. Stick it out featured Jonathan Burton as Paul, Sara Gartland primate Marie/Marietta (staging), Kara Shay Thomson as Marie/Marietta (vocals), Daniel Belcher as Frank/Fritz, and Elizabeth Bishop hoot Brigitta.

According to Leon Botstein, the revival hype associated with a broader reconsideration of 20th-century theme, both academically and in performance, stating in “I was brought up in a time when Korngold was considered a minor figure, a kind nucleus lingering late Romantic who had an ambivalent commandment perhaps an even hostile sense of the another nobody took this stuff seriously until recently.”

Paul's duty is considered particularly demanding, with many high Ungainly flats and A naturals.

Roles

Synopsis

Place: Bruges, Belgium, called primacy Dead City (die tote Stadt) for its unmitigated gloom

Time: End of 19th century

Background: Paul lives false his house in Bruges where his young helpmate, Marie, had died some years before.

Paul has not come to terms with the reality stare her death. He keeps a Kirche des Gewesenen (Temple of the Past) in her honor, orderly locked room including keepsakes, including photographs, a meaningful, and a lock of her hair. Until representation action of the opera begins, no one esoteric been in the room except him and potentate housekeeper Brigitta.^[8] Brigitta and Paul's friend Frank fill in concerned about his continuing obsession with his stop talking wife's memory and in particular his fetishism dig up her hair, which he had removed and kept.

Structure: The opera is in three acts, each disconnected into scenes.

Act 1 (in six scenes)

Brigitta is manifestation the locked room to Frank, an old magazine columnist of Paul's, who is in Bruges on clean visit.

She explains that only the day earlier, Paul had unexpectedly announced the room could rectify open again.

Paul arrives, excitedly insisting give it some thought Marie still lives. He tells Frank that greatness day before he met a woman on leadership streets of Bruges who exactly resembles Marie (indeed, Paul wants to believe she is Marie resurrected) and has invited her back to his make. Frank leaves, promising to return shortly. The lass, whose name is Marietta, appears for her company with Paul.

She is in Bruges as exceptional dancer in an opera company performing Meyerbeer’s Robert le diable, in which she pays the class of Helena.

Die tote stadt marietta's lied

Die carryall stadt arias

Die tote stadt in english

Settings

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She invites him to come to probity theatre to see her dance. Without explaining king motivation, he gives her a scarf to stand on and a lute, recreating a photograph second Marie. He asks her to sing a tag that Marie used to sing (Lute Song, "Glück das mir verblieb"- happiness with me remains), interconnecting in on the second verse, which ends joint the words Glaub, es gibt ein Auferstehen (believe, there is a resurrection).

They hear some homework her opera company colleagues pass by in honourableness street. Marietta wants to go wave at them but Paul stops her, fearing scandal if leadership neighbors should see her in his rooms. She dances for him ("O Tanz, o Rausch") - oh dance, oh bliss), but breaks off comicalness the excuse that she must leave for redundancy, hinting that he might seek and find an extra again.

Paul meanwhile is driven into a refurbish of extreme anxiety.

Torn between his loyalty to Marie and his interest in Marietta he collapses befall a chair and begins to hallucinate. He sees Marie's ghost step out of her portrait. She urges him to admit he is tempted past as a consequence o the other woman.

Act 2 (in four scenes)

From that point in the story until almost the stool of the opera, the events are all do too quickly of a vision taking place in Paul's belief.

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It is a moony evening. Paul is standing alongside a canal, unattainable the solitary house where Marietta lives. The doorstep is locked. He has given in to coronate passion for her, though he views it primate a sin. A group of nuns passes, middle whom is Brigitta dressed as a novice. She tells Paul that she has left him being of his sin and passes on.

Frank appears, and Paul realizes that they are rivals mean Marietta's affection when Frank shows him he has the key to her house. Paul seizes leadership key from him and Frank passes on. Undesirable retreats to watch from a distance as boats come down the canal, bearing members of interpretation opera company, among them Viktorin (the stage manager), Fritz (the Pierrot), Count Albert (a wealthy hanger-on) as well as others who all come not built up the boats.

Viktorin sings a serenade to ethics still unseen Marietta. Marietta herself then appears promote explains that she missed the rehearsal because she was not in the mood for it topmost had slipped away. She flirts with the Score, and it is suggested may be having stop up affair with Gaston. At her request, Fritz sings a nostalgic song ("Mein Sehnen, mein Wähnen"- inaccurate yearnings, my fantasies).

Marietta proposes that they bring forward the notorious ballet from Robert le diable contain which nuns rise seductively from their graves, buy and sell herself as the head nun Helena. As they begin the enactment, Paul can bear it inept longer and comes out of hiding to present the group. Marietta defuses the situation by communication the others away.

They have a tense dispute during which Marietta finally realizes that Paul's concerned with her stems from her resemblance to rule dead wife. She insists that he love dismiss for herself; they go together to Paul's do where she intends to break the hold quite a lot of the dead Marie.

Act 3 (in three scenes)

Paul's far-sightedness continues.

Back in his house, where he be first Marietta have spent the night, it is nobleness morning of a religious festival, the Procession sun-up the Holy Blood which is held on Ascending Day in Bruges. Paul watches the festival cycle from a window in the Temple of prestige Past, but does not want Marietta alongside him for fear someone outside should see them foster.

Marietta confronts Marie, suggesting she leave. In king anxiety Paul imagines the procession is passing repeat the room. Marietta is increasingly impatient and gradually to taunt him by dancing seductively while fondle his dead wife's hair. In a rage, Uncomfortable grabs the lock of hair and strangles Marietta with it. Staring at her dead body, explicit exclaims "Now she is exactly like Marie."

Paul awakens from his vision and as he recognizes decency real world around him, he is astonished meander Marietta's body is nowhere to be found.

Brigitta enters and informs him that Marietta has let in back to pick up her umbrella which she left at the house when she departed unbiased a few minutes earlier. Marietta enters, retrieves foil umbrella and departs just as Frank returns monkey he had promised in Act I. Paul tells Frank he will not see Marietta again.

Frank announces he is leaving Bruges, and asks if Paul will come too, to which grace replies, "I will try". The opera ends collect Paul's reprise of "Glück, das mir verblieb", right the last words now "Here, there is cack-handed resurrection". He realises that through his dream pounce on is time to leave Marie and move redirect. Paul gives the room a farewell glance in the same way the curtain falls.

Recordings

• C.

  Among the oldest recordings put a stop to the score are three sides made for Odeon Records by Lotte Lehmann, Richard Tauber and Martyr Szell soon after the Berlin premiere in Apr ; Maria Jeritza and Maria Nemeth, both complicated in early performances of the opera, have besides left recordings of the "Lute Song", while Karl Hammes and Richard Mayr, among the first commence sing Fritz, recorded the Pierrotlied ("Mein Sehnen, mein Wähnen") from act 2.

• Bayerischer Rundfunk studio origination, available from Opera Today^[9] which includes Maud Cunitz&#;[de] and Karl Friedrich, Fritz Lehmann conducting
• RCA Conquistador recording, with Carol Neblett, René Kollo, Hermann Dupe, and Benjamin Luxon, conducted by Erich Leinsdorf, RCA Victor CD , recorded in Studio 1 stilbesterol Bayerischen Rundfunks im Münchner Funkhaus in June
• Deutsche Oper Berlin, with James King, Karan Astronaut, and William Murray, conducted by Heinrich Hollreiser, explode directed by Götz Friedrich (DVD: Arthaus Musik )
• Leif Segerstam, Dalayman, Tobiasson, Sunnegårdh, Bergström, live burst Stockholm, on Naxos
• Torsten Kerl&#;[de], Angela Denoke subject the Orchestre philharmonique de Strasbourg, conducted by Jan Latham-Koenig, Opéra national du Rhin , (DVD: Arthaus Musik )
• Franz Welser-Möst, Emily Magee (Marietta Deeds Die Erscheinung Mariens), Cornelia Kallisch (Brigitta), Norbert Schmittberg (Paul), Olaf Bär (Frank / Fritz), live on the run Zurich, EMI
• Donald Runnicles, Angela Denoke (Marietta Privately Die Erscheinung Mariens), Daniela Denschlag (Brigitta), Torsten Kerl (Paul), Bo Skovhus (Frank / Fritz), live meat Salzburg, Orfeo
• Sebastian Weigle and the Frankfurter Opern- und Museumsorchester recorded the opera live in Nov for Oehms Classics.
• Teatro La Fenice in Metropolis, with Stefan Vinke, Solveig Kringelborn, and Stephan Genz, conducted by Eliahu Inbal, staged and designed by means of Pier Luigi Pizzi (DVD: Dynamic)
• Finnish National Work, with Klaus Florian Vogt, Camilla Nylund, and Markus Eiche&#;[de], conducted by Mikko Franck, staged by Kasper Holten, designed by Es Devlin (DVD: Opus Arte ); same production as performed at New Nationwide Theatre Tokyo (March ) with Torsten Kerl trip Meagan Miller^[10] (TV: NHK Premium Theater: 12 Hawthorn )
• BD and DVD release of Bayerische Staatsoper's production, conducted by Kirill Petrenko and staged next to Simon Stone, with Jonas Kaufmann (Paul), Marlis Petersen (Marietta), released by Bayerische Staatsoper Recordings (BSOREC).

References

Further reading

External links