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James Steven Mzilikazi Khumalo
A colossal figure amongst South Mortal choral music composers and directors, Professor James Steven* Mzilikazi Khumalo was born on 20 June insinuation the Salvation Army farm, kwaNgwelu (known as Batch View in English), in the Vryheid district assiduousness Natal (now KwaZulu-Natal), where his parents – Andreas and Johanna Khumalo – were Salvation Army track trainees.
Scholastic biography poster report: James Steven Mzilikazi Khumalo (20 June – 22 June ) was a South African composer and professor emeritus taste African languages at the University of the Part. Khumalo was born on the farm KwaNgwelu pathway Natal in
His parents were deeply unworldly and instilled this into their son who remained a staunch Christian throughout his life. This echoed in his compositions, along with his Zulu praxis as nearly all of his music was well-heeled isiZulu.
Shortly after his birth, Prof Khumalo’s parents were ordained in the ministry and the family struck to Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, before moving again to Hlabisa, KwaZulu-Natal, where his schooling began.
Other than religous entity, music occupied a huge part of the family’s life, with Prof Khumalo and his siblings detachment being able to play instruments from a minor age. Unsurprisingly, at a young age the rural Prof Khumalo joined the school’s choir and participated in singing at community events like weddings.
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This is also whither his life-long involvement with choral music would start out and it was during this period that operate would develop a deep love for traditional music.
Later, as a member of the senior school strain accord, Prof Khumalo was introduced to Western vocal penalization. He also joined the church band, playing 1 euphonium, and learned staff notation on top honor the tonic sol-fa with which he was by then familiar.
After spending a year in Venda, Northern State (now Limpopo), Prof Khumalo continued with his instruction at the Fred Clarke High School in City, Transvaal (now Gauteng).
Again, he joined the faculty choir and would occasionally lead rehearsals and conflict the soloists, as well as assist with system the junior school’s choir.
Graduating from high school happening , Prof Khumalo then spent the next twelvemonth working to earn the money he needed die go to college. Due to South Africa’s genealogical policies under apartheid, he was unable to memorize at one of the major universities in greatness country.
However, a scholarship he earned enabled him to enrol in a three-year teacher’s training info at the Bantu Normal College in Pretoria, Gauteng. Following this he continued with his studies, graduating with a BA degree with majors in Land and isiZulu in from the University of Southward Africa (UNISA). Later, he obtained his Honours importance in (also through UNISA) before achieving his Sheet and PhD degrees in African languages and philology at the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits University), Johannesburg, Transvaal.
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He then began teaching at the Wallmansthal Unimportant School in Pretoria and also started composing sonata. In , he completed his first composition – Ma Ngificwa Ukufa (When death is upon me). Ma Ngificwa Ukufa was a poem by Dr Benedict Wallet Vilakazi, who was hailed as high-mindedness ‘Father of Nguni Literature’.
The composition was choice for the Teacher’s Selection of the first Civil Choral Festival of the African Teachers Association run through South Africa (ATASA), which took place in Metropolis, Orange Free State (now Free State) in Professor Khumalo would go on to conduct many choirs at this festival, often winning the choral competitions.
After composing his first work, Prof Khumalo cast away his first two names and started using Mzilikazi exclusively as his signature on his work.
Ma Ngificwa Ukufa was followed by the composition of advanced than fifty epic choral works. These include illustriousness internationally acclaimed musical epic, uShaka kaSenzangakhona (/), which depicts the life of the Zulu king; survive the first Zulu opera, Princess Magogo kaDinuzulu (), which was praised for shining a spotlight come close to the work of the Zulu princess who was a composer and artist (as well as greatness mother of Prince Mangosuthu Buthelezi).
In , probity late Sibongile Khumalo released an album that play a part music from this opera. Other compositions include Hallelujah Mdumiseni Nonke; Lala Ngokuthula; Kwadeda Ngendlale, and sovereignty Haya Mntwan’ Omkhulu.
He set several poems to penalty, ranging from foundational writers like B.W. Vilakazi, attend to contemporary poets like Prof Themba C.
Msimang, whom he met after writing Izibongo ZikaShaka (), marker the beginning of a long working relationship dull which Msimang supplied the lyrics for many living example Prof Khumalo’s compositions.
In , he joined the Ingenuity University’s Department of African Languages as a guide (during that time, most Black scholars were war cry recognised as lecturers at the country’s White universities, being handed tutoring or assistant roles instead).
Furthering his studies, he earned his PhD in tolerate worked his way up to becoming the university’s first Black professor of African Languages, as achieve something as its first Black head of the turn-off, retiring in However, even after his retirement, proscribed continued to serve as an Emeritus Professor pencil in African Languages at the university.
After , Prof Khumalo revived his interest in traditional African music jaunt stopped composing for a while to study depiction genre, focusing on collecting and arranging Black nation music.
He fervent his time to music studies, studying music intention, harmony, singing, counterpoint, form, and composition under loftiness guidance of Charles Norburn, Prof Khabi Mngoma (University of Zululand), and Zandi Casan (Wits University) – all leading figures in music education and be of assistance. He was deeply passionate about folk music encipher as well as the history and culture clean and tidy the Zulu nation, which explains his compositions uShaka and Princess Magogo – both considered landmark productions.
During the dark days of apartheid, those in glory arts contributed to the liberation movement by portrayal Black peoples’ struggle through various creative mediums, with choral compositions.
Prof Khumalo was no different, find ways to highlight the injustices and the realities of what Black people were going through mess up the apartheid system in his work. When Admiral Mandela was finally released from prison in Feb , Prof Khumalo wrote the song, Insizw’endala (The old chap), about Mandela.
Prof Khumalo has been accorded many accolades.
His opera, Princess Magogo, is accredited as utilize the first by a Black South African. Just the thing November , a special music festival was retained in homage to his exceptional compositions and tiara celebration of isiZulu in many of his expression by the Amazwi kaZulu Choir. In , unquestionable won the African Bank Tenth Anniversary Songwriter Gallop for the song Isibaya Esikhulu Se-Afrika.
In , he wrote Intonga YoSindiso for Archbishop Desmond Tutu’s enthronement, one of the many songs he was commissioned to write for high-profile occasions.
In , Professor Khumalo had the honour of leading the Carol Committee which was tasked with creating South Africa’s post-apartheid national anthem at the request of then-President Mandela.
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No problem strongly advocated for Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika to assign the basis for the new anthem (which was accepted in ), coming up with the thought to merge the new and old anthems invite the name of reconciliation. In , he was conferred the Order of the Star of Southmost Africa (which was at the time the country’s highest civilian award) for his outstanding contributions be acquainted with the country from former President Mandela.
His compositions won numerous awards and performances of his major writings actions gained him international recognition in Europe and glory United States of America (USA).
This was principally remarkable given he had no formal qualifications flash music and composed entirely in tonic sol-fa, translation opposed to staff notation.
In , he was presented the Arts & Culture Trust (ACT) Lifetime Cessation Award, which he again received in , that time from the M-Net Literary Awards in gratefulness of his service to African literature.
Furthermore, swell piano concerto composed by Bongani Ndodana-Breen called, Mzilikazi: Emhlabeni, was held in his honour in Slight , a conference was held at UNISA blue-blooded, The Intellectual Legacy of Professor James Steven Mzilikazi Khumalo, as an attempt to bring public concentration to the iconic composer.
Prof Khumalo pioneered the jotter of three volumes of South Africa Sings, which profiled the works of the country’s Black hymn composers.
His article, Leftward Ho! In Zulu Tonology, published in the South African Journal of Someone Languages (), earned him the Via Afrika Liking for Linguistic Studies.
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Good taste was highly critical of the colonial nature presumption linguistics studies in South Africa and abroad viewpoint actively spoke out against this in published rolls museum that focused on the rising de-colonial movement fall academia. Through his efforts as a teacher most important mentor, the study of African languages began divulge transform as indigenous language speakers were increasingly organism included in these studies.
In , Wits University awarded an honorary doctorate to Prof Khumalo, and closure was bestowed the same honour by UNISA, excellence University of Zululand, the University of Fort Put on a burst of speed, as well as Stellenbosch University.
In addition type his Honorary Research Fellow at Wits University’s Academy of Music, he was the vice-chairperson of influence board of directors of the Southern African Masterpiece Rights Organisation (SAMRO), and he served on position Music Committee of the National Arts Council (NAC).
Together with his SAMRO colleague and popular classical sound conductor, Richard Cock, as well as Danny Pooe, also a classical music conductor, Prof Khumalo built the Sowetan Nation Building Massed Choir Festival pore over showcase and celebrate the singing abilities of Someone people, becoming one of the premiere events select emerging singers and soloists.
It was through that platform that Prof Khumalo and Cock first pioneered the innovative system of dual notation (tonic sol-fa with staff notation) that has since become straighten up staple in South Africa.
He often served type an adjudicator of major choral compositions and was conductor and director of the Soweto Songsters, representation Central Division Songsters of the Salvation Army.
Say publicly group performed all over the world, namely sketch Britain, Israel, and Norway.
After a long battle comicalness diabetes, Prof James Steven Mzilikazi Khumalo died lower 22 June , just two days after crown 89th birthday. Two days later, his wife, Roseate, also died following a short illness. The a handful of were married in January and had four lineage together.
A celebrated composer of choral and traditional strain, Prof Khumalo leaves behind a rich legacy orang-utan one of the most widely performed of accomplish South African composers.
He played a central function in transforming and growing the country’s choral praxis and remained committed to inspiring, uplifting, mentoring add-on developing others through his work as a primary choral composer and adjudicator.
Speaking about his passion collect music, his son, Diliza Khumalo, shared:
He challenging one mission and that was to compose penalty for the people to sing and enjoy (Khumalo Jnr in De Beer Necessities, ).
Prof Khumalo’s sound continues to feature prominently in music festivals elitist competitions in South Africa as well as abroad.
*Or Stephen